I'm just a hobbyist, but I know enough to build my own system. IMO ur processor, not just the processor itself but what's available for the socket, LGA 1200. U may be able to get a post-10th gen processor but lately intel has been quite unreliable as far as consumer CPUs go. I preferred intel for ages ever since my family's first 233mhz pentium 1. But my last upgrade I went for AMD instead and I'm glad I did.
Upgrading ur socket means upgrading ur motherboard. I presume most of ur other components would transfer to a motherboard with a new socket and processor. NVMe is one of the newest and fastest connection standards for storage. There are crazy good graphics processors out there, and urs is not what I'd call current gen (like mine), but the gains are mostly for GTA 6 and people doing crypto..... business.
With a good X3D AMD cpu and a good motherboard u could really be screaming and ready for the next upgrade. X3D is really good for it's "3D cache" but any AMD that ends is X can be overclocked, which is what I prefer. Even with "just" air cooling, u can get a lot out of the overclock.